1 - She _ misunderstood my directions.Now put the correct modal in these sentences. Lesson by Tristan, teacher at EC Malta English school You phoned me when I was walking to my car. We use ‘can’t have + past participle’ for things that we are sure did not happen in the past. I might have been here when I was a child but I can’t really remember. He may have said he was coming but I can’t really remember. He was supposed to be here an hour ago but he could have been stuck in a traffic jam. We use ‘might have/may have/could have + past participle’ when we are not sure about something but we think it was possible. Might have/may have/could have + past participle He must have forgotten his phone at home again. You must have been very pleased when you received the results of your exams. ( Maybe they took the train.) The negative form is. ( Maybe they left early) They might have taken the train. May have / Might have something possibly happened (but we aren’t sure if it did) They may have left early because of the holiday traffic. We use ‘must have + past participle’ when we are quite sure about something. We use past modals to speculate on past events. When we use a modal verb to talk about a situation where we are not expressing a fact but we are using deduction the form is MODAL + have + past participle (verb 3) He must have been very happy when he was told about his promotion. He must be really happy about his promotion. We can use modal verbs to talk about how sure or unsure we are about something in the past just as we use modals in the present with a slight change in the form.
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